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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク History of Roman Catholicism in Mexico ： ウィキペディア英語版 History of Roman Catholicism in Mexico The history of the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico dates from the period of the Spanish conquest (1519–21) and has continued as an institution in Mexico into the twenty-first century. Catholicism is one of the two major legacies from the Spanish colonial era, the other being Spanish as the nation's language. The Catholic Church was a privileged institution until the mid nineteenth century. It was the sole permissible Church in the colonial era and into the early Mexican Republic, following independence in 1821. At some point in the twentieth century, Eastern Catholic jurisdictions were established in Mexico, but Roman Catholicism remains the largest religious group. In the mid-nineteenth century the liberal Reforma brought major changes in church-state relations. The Mexican state challenged the Catholic Church's role in education in Mexico, property ownership, birth, marriage, and death records, in anticlerical laws. Many of these were incorporated into the Constitution of 1857, restricting the Church's corporate ownership of property and other limitations. President Porfirio Díaz (1876–1911) pursued a policy of conciliation with the Catholic Church, keeping the liberal anticlerical articles of the constitution in force, but in practice allowing greater freedom of action for the Catholic Church.〔Karl Schmitt, "The Díaz Policy on State and Local Levels, 1876–1911." ''Hispanic American Historical Review'' vol. 40, No. 4 (Nov. 1960), pp. 513-532.〕 With Díaz's ouster in 1911 and the decade-long conflict of the Mexican Revolution, the victorious Constitutionalist faction led by Venustiano Carranza wrote the new Constitution of 1917 that strengthened the anticlerical measures in the liberal Constitution of 1857. With the presidency of Northern, anticlerical, revolutionary general Plutarco Elías Calles (1924–28), the State's enforcement of the anticlerical articles of Constitution of 1917 provoked a major crisis in Mexico with violence in a number of regions of Mexico. The Cristero Rebellion (1926–29) was resolved, with the aid of diplomacy of the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, ending the violence, but the anticlerical articles of the constitution remained. President Manuel Avila Camacho (1940–1946) came to office declaring "I am a () believer," (''soy creyente'') and Church-State relations improved though without constitutional changes. A major change came in 1992, with the presidency of Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988–1994). In a sweeping program of reform to "modernize Mexico" that he outlined in his 1988 inaugural address, his government pushed through revisions in the Mexican Constitution, explicitly including a new legal framework that restored the Catholic Church's juridical personality.〔Roberto Blancarte, "Recent Changes in Church-State Relations in Mexico: An Historical Approach." ''Journal of Church & State'', Autumn 1993, Vol. 35, Issue 4.〕〔Jorge A. Vargas, "Freedom of Religion and Public Worship in Mexico: A Legal Commentary on the 1992 Federal Act on Religious Matters." ''BYU Law Review'' Vol. 1998, issue 2, article 6, p. 421-481.〕〔Jorge A. Vargas, "Mexico’s Legal Revolution: An Appraisal of Its Recent Constitutional Changes, 1988–1995." 25 ''Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law'', 497-559 (1996).〕〔Ricardo Hernández-Forcada, "The Effect of International Treaties on Religious Freedom in Mexico". 2002 BYU L. Rev. 301(202).〕〔Victor Gabriel Muro, "Catholic Church: Mexico" in ''Encyclopedia of Mexico'' vol. 1, p. 222. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.〕 The majority of Mexicans in the twenty-first century identify themselves as being Catholic, but the growth of other religious groups such as Protestant evangelicals, Mormons, as well secularism is consistent with trends elsewhere in Latin America. The 1992 federal Act on Religious Associations and Public Worship (''Ley de Asociaciones Religiosas y Culto Público''), known in English as the Religious Associations Act or (RAA), has had an impact on all religious groups in Mexico.〔Vargas, "Freedom of religion and Public Worship in Mexico." The text of the act appears in English in the appendix of this article.〕 ==Colonial era (1521–1821)== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Roman Catholicism in Mexico」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.